PAPER RULES

GUIDELINES FOR MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

- Texts should incorporate tables, charts, figures, and infographics where appropriate. Headings must be positioned above the visual elements.
- Main and subheadings should be no longer than 6–7 words, and clearly phrased.
- Documents must be formatted in Times New Roman, 12-point font, 1.5 line spacing, and justified alignment.
- Titles of books, journals, articles, etc., and news headlines should be given in the original language, with translations placed in square brackets “[...]”.
- Consistency in the use of concepts is essential (e.g., always use either '13th century' or 'XIIIth century', not both).
- Writings in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated.
- If visual elements (charts, tables, infographics) are in a foreign language, their translations must be added as sticky notes in the PDF without omissions.
- Institutional terminology must align with the names of bodies such as the Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate of Communications, Anadolu Agency, TRT, etc.
- Dates of the events mentioned in the text must be explicitly stated.
- Footnotes should not be added manually; To ensure consistency in academic and official documents, all users are required to use the "Insert Endnote" feature located under the "References" tab in Microsoft Word.

ENDNOTE USAGE

Single-Author Book
Author Name Surname, *Title of the Work* (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.
Two-Authors Book
Author Name Surname and Author Name Surname, *Title of the Work* (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.
Three-Authors Book
Author Name Surname, Author Name Surname, and Author Name Surname, *Title of the Work* (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.
Four or More Authors
Author Name Surname et al., *Title of the Work* (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.
Chapter in an Edited Book
Author Name Surname, “Chapter Title,” in *Title of the Work*, ed. Editor Name Surname (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.
Translated Book
Author Name Surname, *Title of the Work*, trans. Translator Name Surname (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.
Print Article
Author Name Surname, “Article Title,” *Journal Name* Volume/Issue (Year): Page Number.
Electronic Article
Author Name Surname, “Article Title,” *Journal Name* Volume/Issue (Year): Page Number, DOI.
Encyclopedia Article
Author Name Surname, “Entry Title,” in *Title of the Work* (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year). Access URL [Accessed: Day.Month.Year].
Online Journal Article
Author Name Surname, *Title of the Work*, *Journal Name*, Date of Publication, Access URL [Accessed: Day.Month.Year].
Thesis
Author Name Surname, *Title of the Thesis* (Master’s/PhD Thesis, University, Year), Page Number.
Website Content
Title of Content, *Website Name*, Access URL [Accessed: Day.Month.Year].
Social Media Content
Account Name, X/Facebook/YouTube, Date of Publication: Day.Month.Year, Access URL [Accessed: Day.Month.Year].
Repeat Footnotes
For consecutive references: *ibid.* For non-consecutive repeated references: Author Name Surname, *Title of the Work*, Page Number.
Files that do not comply with these rules will be returned to the author. The author guarantees the originality of the work and its compliance with ethical standards (e.g., no plagiarism, not written by AI), and confirms that it contains no content constituting a ‘crime’ under the laws of the Republic of Türkiye.